Earl Grey

What is Earl Grey?

Earl Grey is a flavoured tea made by blending fully oxidised black tea leaves with oil from the bergamot fruit, a citrus grown mainly in southern Italy. The base tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant, the same plant used for green and oolong tea. But the extended oxidation process gives it a rich body with malty, fruity or slightly smoky notes.

Bergamot adds a citrusy lift with subtle floral complexity, giving Earl Grey its distinctive and refreshing flavour. While black tea remains the classic foundation, green tea versions of Earl Grey are also available, offering a lighter profile while preserving the iconic aroma.

The bergamot itself, likely a natural hybrid of lemon and Seville orange, has long been valued for its fragrant oil and historical ties to Mediterranean citrus culture and European perfumery.

Earl Grey Origins and History

The exact origins of Earl Grey Tea are uncertain. Some believe black tea was first infused with bergamot oil to preserve it during long overseas journeys, preventing spoilage and masking tar-like flavours.

The blend’s name is often linked to Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845), a British Prime Minister. Legend claims he received the tea after a diplomatic trip to China, where a companion allegedly rescued a boy from drowning. Grateful, the boy’s father gifted tea scented with bergamot. However, no record confirms that Lord Grey ever visited China, and the story remains unverified.

The first written reference to Earl Grey appeared in the 1850s, with commercial adverts following in the 1880s, notably by Charlton & Co. Despite the mystery, the blend has long been associated with British refinement and afternoon tea tradition.

Earl Grey Tea Caffeine Content

Most Earl Grey Tea is made with black tea and contains a moderate level of caffeine, making it suitable for morning or early afternoon. Green tea versions have slightly less. Herbal infusions are typically caffeine-free but are not considered traditional Earl Grey. Your choice depends on personal sensitivity and preference.

Health Benefits of Earl Grey Tea

Earl Grey is more than a fragrant and uplifting blend. It carries a wealth of natural properties that may support the body and mind. Its base of black tea provides caffeine, L-theanine and antioxidants, while bergamot oil contributes additional plant compounds including flavonoids and limonene.

Together, these compounds make Earl Grey a naturally supportive choice for:

• Heart health: The flavonoids in black tea and bergamot may help maintain healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels. One study suggested that bergamot extract could even rival statins in managing LDL cholesterol.
• Cognitive support: Black tea drinkers may experience enhanced focus and a lower risk of cognitive decline. A study from Singapore found that those who drank black tea regularly had up to 55 percent lower rates of memory loss.
• Immune defence: L-theanine and polyphenols can help strengthen the body’s immune response and support defence against colds, with tea drinkers showing faster white blood cell activity in clinical studies.
• Stress balance: L-theanine may encourage a calm, focused state without drowsiness, even when consumed alongside moderate caffeine levels.
• Digestive comfort: Often sipped after meals, Earl Grey may help reduce bloating and support a balanced digestive system.
• Skin health: Antioxidants may help prevent signs of ageing by reducing oxidative stress. Studies have linked black tea to improved skin texture and reduced wrinkle formation.
• Weight management: Earl Grey may gently support metabolism and fat oxidation. With no more than two calories per cup, it can be a helpful part of a healthy lifestyle.

In addition, Earl Grey contains trace minerals and compounds such as iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, limonene and bergaptene. These contribute to overall wellbeing in small but meaningful ways.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Due to its caffeine content, Earl Grey should be consumed in moderation during pregnancy. NHS guidance recommends limiting caffeine to no more than 200mg per day, which equates to approximately:

• 2 cups of coffee
• 4 cups of black tea (including Earl Grey)
• 5 cups of oolong tea
• 6 cups of green tea
• 8 cups of white tea

The same limits generally apply while breastfeeding. If unsure, consult a medical professional before including caffeinated teas in your daily routine.

Potential Side Effects

Earl Grey is well-tolerated by most people, but excessive intake may lead to side effects, especially in those sensitive to caffeine. These may include:

• Headaches or restlessness
• Sleep disturbances
• Nausea or increased urination
• Irregular heartbeat or mild tremors

Those experiencing discomfort should reduce intake or seek medical advice. Earl Grey should be enjoyed in moderation as part of a varied diet.

How to Make Earl Grey Tea

To prepare Earl Grey properly, begin with fresh water and quality loose leaves or a tea bag. Follow the steps below for best results:

1. Add leaves to an infuser or filter – Use one teaspoon per cup.
2. Boil fresh water – Filtered water is preferred for clarity of flavour.
3. Cool slightly before pouring – Ideal temperature: around 96°C.
4. Steep for 3–5 minutes – Adjust timing depending on your strength preference.
5. Serve – Earl Grey can be enjoyed plain or with milk, lemon, or honey depending on taste.

Porcelain cups are often recommended to avoid affecting flavour. Earl Grey is also available in tea bags for added convenience.

Explore Related Teas

If you enjoy Earl Grey, you may also like:

• Flavoured Tea – Includes other citrus, floral, and spiced blends.
• Afternoon Tea – Curated for traditional afternoon tea moments.
• Loose Leaf Tea – Offers greater control over strength and infusion.
• Tea Bags – Ideal for everyday convenience.